The SPacemaker represents a key step in advancing the innate human desire for expansion and growth. On our pale blue dot, the night sky awaits, welcoming, to any with the strength and will to tame its vast expanse. Any major space program, whether governm
External pacemakers are nothing new, in fact the idea stems from initial experiments performed by Paul Zoll in 1952 with pairs of metal electrodes secured to the chest wall to stimulate cardiac muscle. However patients undergoing this kind of treatment of
Under the influence of Earth’s gravity, our body’s blood naturally pools at the feet region, and the heart needs to put in the extra effort to move fluids to the upper vessels in the body. In microgravity we have a dilemma: the heart needs to work less, a
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